Funding Stages

Everything about raising capital, from the first SAFE to the IPO. This cluster covers every named stage (pre-seed through Series E+), the investor types (VC, CVC, angels, family offices, crossover funds, strategic vs financial), the fund mechanics that drive investor behavior (LPs, GPs, fund life, carried interest), the crowdfunding regulations and platforms, the round structures (up, down, flat, bridge, extension), and the closing mechanics that make deals real. 97 entries.

This is the most thoroughly covered cluster in the lexicon because fundraising decisions compound for years.

Named funding stages

• Pre-seed Funding, earliest outside capital ($250K-$1.5M on SAFEs).
• Friends and Family Round, informal first capital.
• Seed Round, $2.5M-$5M at $20M-$30M post-money in 2025.
• Series A Funding, first major priced round ($10M-$15M at $40M-$67M).
• Series B Funding, scaling round ($30M-$40M at $120M-$160M).
• Series C Funding, late-stage ($50M-$100M at $300M-$700M).
• Series D Funding, rocket or buying-time story ($100M-$300M).
• Series E Funding, pre-IPO or staying-private capital.

Round variants and timing

• Up Round, higher valuation than the last round.
• Down Round, lower valuation; post-2022 normalization.
• Flat Round, same valuation as the last round.
• Bridge Round, interim financing to a milestone.
• Extension Round, adding to an existing priced round.
• Second Close, adding investors after initial close.
• Party Round, many small investors, no lead.
• Tranche, milestone-gated capital release.
• Structured Round, non-vanilla preferred terms.

Investor types

• Venture Capital, institutional VC overview.
• Venture Capital For Startups, how VC actually works for founders.
• Angel Investor, individual early-stage investors.
• Super Angel, high-volume angel.
• Angel Group, organized angel networks.
• Micro-VC, sub-$50M funds writing small checks.
• Corporate Venture Capital, operating company CVC arms.
• Strategic Investor, strategic-aligned capital.
• Strategic vs Financial Investor, the choice and tradeoffs.
• Family Office, wealth-management investors.
• Crossover Investor, public-private capital.
• Co-Investor, round participants.
• Anchor Investor, leading early commitment.
• Private Investors, categories of non-institutional capital.
• Accredited Investor, regulatory threshold.
• Qualified Purchaser, higher regulatory threshold.

VC fund mechanics

• Venture Capital Fund, how funds are structured.
• Limited Partner, fund's outside investors.
• General Partner, fund managers.
• Capital Call, collecting committed LP capital.
• Management Fee, annual 2% standard.
• Carried Interest, 20% of profits standard.
• Distribution Waterfall, how exits flow to LPs.
• Fund Life, typical 10-year fund.
• Fund of Funds, funds that invest in other funds.
• Fund Administration, operational backbone.
• Fund of One, single-LP fund structures.
• Vintage Year, fund's launch year and its implications.
• Dry Powder, uncalled capital available to deploy.
• Follow-on Investment, subsequent rounds in same company.
• Venture Studio, operating model that builds companies.
• Growth Equity, later-stage minority capital.
• Mezzanine Financing, junior debt for late-stage.
• Venture Debt, debt instruments for VC-backed companies.

Round structure and terms

• Lead Investor, who anchors the round.
• Term Sheet, the deal outline.
• Voting Agreement, preferred holder voting.
• Investor Rights Agreement, IRA terms.
• Subscription Agreement, the contract to buy shares.
• Side Letter, investor-specific addenda.
• MFN Clause, most-favored-nation rights.
• Pay-to-Play, investors must participate to maintain rights.
• No-Shop Clause, exclusivity during due diligence.
• Check Size, typical investor check ranges.
• Round Size, total capital being raised.
• Valuation, how companies get priced.
• Burn Multiple, net burn ÷ net new ARR; capital efficiency.
• Capital Efficiency, broader efficiency framing.
• Fundraising Narrative, the story arc that works.
• Fundraising Timeline, typical raise duration.
• Liquidation Event, what triggers preference math.

Closing mechanics

• Closing Conditions, what must be true to close.
• Closing Mechanics, the practical steps.
• Escrow Account, holding funds during close.
• Cap Table Cleanup, pre-close cap table prep.
• Syndicate, multiple investors pooling for a deal.
• Due Diligence, investor verification process.

Secondary and structured deals

• Secondary Market, pre-IPO share trading.
• SPV, Special Purpose Vehicle for a single deal.
• Club Deal, small group of investors splitting a round.
• PIPE Deal, Private Investment in Public Equity.

Crowdfunding (regulations + platforms)

• Donation Based Crowdfunding, non-equity (Kickstarter-style).
• Reward-Based Crowdfunding, perks instead of equity.
• Equity Crowdfunding, selling equity to the public.
• Types Of Crowdfunding, overview of the categories.
• Regulation A, Reg A+ public offerings.
• Regulation CF, crowdfunding regulation.
• Regulation D, accredited investor exemption.
• Regulation S, non-US offerings.
• JOBS Act, the 2012 law enabling much of this.
• Kickstarter, leading reward-based platform.
• Indiegogo, alternative reward-based platform.
• Republic, equity crowdfunding platform.
• Wefunder, equity crowdfunding platform.
• StartEngine, equity crowdfunding platform.

Operating concepts (legacy "fundraising-mechanics" entries)

• Burn Rate, monthly cash spent; gross vs net.
• Runway, months of cash remaining.

Survey and general entries

• Startup Funding, overview of how startups raise.
• Startup Funding Stages, the stage progression.
• Business Plan For Investors, what investors actually read.